概論
本文將介紹如何創建一個三層應用程序並且將介紹如何創建一個Web Service服務
ADONET創建Windows三層結構應用程序的體系架構如下圖所示
該結構分三個層次表示層業務層數據層
數據層代表物理數據庫
業務層負責數據層與表示層之間的數據傳輸
表示層應用程序的客戶端它通過業務層來訪問數據庫
表示層所操作的是駐留在內存中的本地數據當需要更新數據庫數據時要通過業務層提供的更新方法實現這樣可以大大提高應用程序的性能而且什麼時候更新數據完全由你決定提高了編程的靈活性
實例
這裡我們具體做一個實例來看看如何用VBNET創建三層結構的應用程序
數據庫我們選擇SQL SERVER 的NorthWind數據庫
業務層我們創建一個WebService作為中間層(需要安裝IIS服務)
表示層我們寫一個Windows Form
第一步創建WebService
具體步驟如下
新建一個項目選擇ASPNET Web服務命名為WebService For 業務層
添加兩個Sql DataAdapter一個為Customer_da它指向NorthWind數據庫的Customers表另一個為Order_da指向Northwind數據庫的Orders表
然後生成一個Typed DataSet(選擇數據菜單的生成數據集)命名為Super_ds
數據庫連接已經完成下一步我們將考慮它與表示層之間的通信這裡我們定義兩個方法一個為Get_DataSet它返回一個Super_ds類型的數據集另一個為Update_DataSet它負責更新數據庫數據 方法代碼如下
<WebMethod()> Public Function Get_Dataset() As super_ds
customer_daFill(Super_dsCustomers)
order_daFill(Super_dsOrders)
Return Super_ds
End Function
<WebMethod()> Public Sub Update_Dataset()
Super_dsAcceptChanges()
End Sub
你可以運行測試一下你建立的這個WebService它將提供兩個方法返回的DataSet是以XML表示的
業務層的完整代碼如下
Imports SystemWebServices
Public Class Service
Inherits SystemWebServicesWebService
Web Services Designer Generated Code……
<WebMethod()> Public Function Get_Dataset() As super_ds
customer_daFill(Super_dsCustomers)
order_daFill(Super_dsOrders)
Return Super_ds
End Function
<WebMethod()> Public Sub Update_Dataset()
Super_dsAcceptChanges()
End Sub
WEB SERVICE EXAMPLE
The HelloWorld() example service returns the string Hello World
To build uncomment the following lines then save and build the project
To test this web service ensure that the asmx file is the start page
and press F
<WebMethod()> Public Function HelloWorld() As String
HelloWorld = Hello World
End Function
End Class
第二步創建表示層
具體步驟如下
新建一個Windows應用程序命名為Windows Form For 表示層
在窗體上添加一個DataGrid一個ButtonButton的text為Load作用是從業務層讀取數據
在解決方案窗體中添加Web 引用將我們自己建立的Web Service for 業務層引入到當前項目中
向Button的Click事件添加如下代碼
Dim Customer_Ds As New localhostsuper_ds()
Dim ser As New localhostService()
Customer_DsMerge(serGet_Dataset)
DataGridDataSource = Customer_Ds
這裡我們調用了Web Service的Get_DataSet函數Update_DataSet方法的調用與此完全相同
表示層的完整代碼如下
Imports Data_Access_表示層
Public Class Form
Inherits SystemWindowsFormsForm
#Region Windows Form Designer generated code
Public Sub New()
MyBaseNew()
This call is required by the Windows Form Designer
InitializeComponent()
Add any initialization after the InitializeComponent() call
End Sub
Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list
Protected Overloads Overrides Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
If disposing Then
If Not (components Is Nothing) Then
componentsDispose()
End If
End If
MyBaseDispose(disposing)
End Sub
Friend WithEvents Button As SystemWindowsFormsButton
Friend WithEvents Button As SystemWindowsFormsButton
Friend WithEvents Button As SystemWindowsFormsButton
Friend WithEvents Client_DataSet As Data_Access_表示層localhostsuper_ds
Friend WithEvents DataGrid As SystemWindowsFormsDataGrid
Required by the Windows Form Designer
Private components As SystemComponentModelContainer
NOTE The following procedure is required by the Windows Form Designer
It can be modified using the Windows Form Designer
Do not modify it using the code editor
<SystemDiagnosticsDebuggerStepThrough()> Private Sub InitializeComponent()
MeButton = New SystemWindowsFormsButton()
MeButton = New SystemWindowsFormsButton()
MeButton = New SystemWindowsFormsButton()
MeClient_DataSet = New Data_Access_表示層localhostsuper_ds()
MeDataGrid = New SystemWindowsFormsDataGrid()
CType(MeClient_DataSet SystemComponentModelISupportInitialize)BeginInit()
CType(MeDataGrid SystemComponentModelISupportInitialize)BeginInit()
MeSuspendLayout()
Button
MeButtonLocation = New SystemDrawingPoint( )
MeButtonName = Button
MeButtonTabIndex =
MeButtonText = load
Button
MeButtonLocation = New SystemDrawingPoint( )
MeButtonName = Button
MeButtonTabIndex =
MeButtonText = update
Button
MeButtonLocation = New SystemDrawingPoint( )
MeButtonName = Button
MeButtonTabIndex =
MeButtonText = clear
Client_DataSet
MeClient_DataSetDataSetName = Client_DataSet
MeClient_DataSetLocale = New SystemGlobalizationCultureInfo(zhCN)
MeClient_DataSetNamespace =
DataGrid
MeDataGridDataMember =
MeDataGridLocation = New SystemDrawingPoint( )
MeDataGridName = DataGrid
MeDataGridSize = New SystemDrawingSize( )
MeDataGridTabIndex =
Form
MeAutoScaleBaseSize = New SystemDrawingSize( )
MeClientSize = New SystemDrawingSize( )
MeControlsAddRange(New SystemWindowsFormsControl() {MeDataGrid MeButton MeButton MeButton})
MeName = Form
MeText = Form
CType(MeClient_DataSet SystemComponentModelISupportInitialize)EndInit()
CType(MeDataGrid SystemComponentModelISupportInitialize)EndInit()
MeResumeLayout(False)
End Sub
#End Region
Private Sub Button_Click(ByVal sender As SystemObject ByVal e As SystemEventArgs) Handles ButtonClick
Dim Customer_Ds As New localhostsuper_ds()
Dim ser As New localhostService()
Customer_DsMerge(serGet_Dataset)
DataGridDataSource = Customer_Ds
End Sub
End Class
總結可見表示層窗體上完全沒有數據庫連接控件它與數據庫的連接任務是通過業務層來完成的這樣程序的結構更加清晰當然業務層的實現也可以用其他方法比如寫一個自己的類來完成與數據庫的數據傳輸
From:http://tw.wingwit.com/Article/program/net/201311/13373.html